#Migration

Manifesto Section to
Reform Our UK Democracy

Yes, it's a Mess.
But it's not too Late!

Migration in the UK: A Clear-Eyed Look

Migration is often portrayed as a crisis—but is it distracting us from deeper challenges in our public services and economy? Even generous estimates place the total annual cost of migration at under 1 percent of UK tax revenue, while the remaining 99 percent funds services that struggle to meet demand.

The Real Cost of Migration
  • Asylum Support
  • Housing and subsistence for asylum seekers (year to June 2024): £3.6 billion
  • Enforcement & Removals
  • Enforced removals: 9,100; foreign national offender returns: 5,300; voluntary returns: 26,761 Estimated cost per enforced removal (detention, legal aid, transport): £12,000–£25,000 Total enforcement spend (year to June 2025): ~£500 million
  • Asylum Accommodation Contracts
  • Home Office contract (2022–32 total): £15.3 billion (~£1.53 billion/year)
  • Welfare & Public Services
  • Benefits, NHS, education and local services for migrants: less than £5 billion/year
  • Total Annual Cost
  • ≈£3.6 bn + £0.5 bn + £1.53 bn + less than £5 bn ≈ less than £10.6 billion UK tax revenue (2025): £1.05 trillion Migration spend ≈ 1 percent of total tax revenue
Illegal & Irregular Arrivals
  • Detections (year to June 2025): 52,700 small-boat and other irregular crossings
  • Asylum Backlog: 130,000+ open cases; average wait > 1,000 days
  • UK–France Return Pilot: limited “1-for-1” scheme, not full-scale policy
Key actions
  • Legally bind claim-processing deadlines
  • Expand safe, legal return routes with partner nations
  • Ensure humane reception in return countries
Legal Migration by Visa Type

Visas granted for non-visit purposes (year to June 2025): 852,000

Category Category Grants (main + dependents) Share
Work 183,000 21.5 %
Study 271,000 31.8 %
Family 216,000 25.4 %
Humanitarian 99,000 11.6 %
Other (transit, etc.) 83,000 9.7 %

Family visas: ~140,000–150,000 spouse and partner admissions per year Proposal: require 12 months’ verifiable cohabitation before sponsorship

Foreign Nationals in Prison
  • Total population (England & Wales): 87,334 (June 2025)
  • Foreign nationals: 10,772 (12.3 %)
  • Ensure humane reception in return countries

Top 10 nationalities in custody:

Nationality Prisoners % of Total
Albanian 1,193 1.4 %
Polish 759 0.9 %
Romanian 716 0.8 %
Irish 707 0.8 %
Lithuanian 339 0.4 %
Jamaican 338 0.4 %
Indian 320 0.4 %
Pakistani 317 0.4 %
Portuguese 297 0.3 %
Iraqi 287 0.3 %

Consideration: visa revocation for serious offending, with robust legal safeguards.

Final Reflection

Migration isn’t inherently good or bad—it’s a global reality shaped by economics, demographics, and geopolitics. In the UK, it helps sustain services, fill jobs, and balance the population. Migration is often debated in emotional or political terms—but behind the headlines lies a set of hard facts. The UK is facing a demographic crunch: fewer births, more retirees, and a shrinking workforce. According to the Office for National Statistics, the number of people aged 65 and over will rise by more than 5 million by 2050, while the working-age population struggles to keep pace.

This imbalance puts pressure on everything from pensions to hospitals to the tax base. Migration isn’t a silver bullet - but it’s part of the solution.

Since the pandemic, the UK has lost around 800,000 workers - many to early retirement, long-term illness, or simply stepping away.

That’s left critical shortages in:

  • Total population (England & Wales): 87,334 (June 2025)
  • Foreign nationals: 10,772 (12.3 %)
  • Ensure humane reception in return countries

Migration has helped plug these gaps:

  • 1 in 5 NHS staff is non-British
  • Overseas care workers doubled between 2020 and 2023, now over over 460,000
  • Ensure humane reception in return countries

These aren’t abstract numbers - they’re the people keeping the system running.

The challenge isn’t the people - it’s the systems. And the real enemies at the moment? The criminal networks profiting from desperation. The politicians using immigration to further causes and hide their problems? If we want a better conversation, we need to move past slogans and start listening—to facts, to communities, and to each other.

Glossary

Benefit eligibility - The minimum period (usually five years) before migrants can claim UK state benefits.

Enforced removal - Compulsory deportation of an individual from the UK under Home Office authority.

Irregular crossing - Entry into the UK without prior authorisation, notably via small boats.

Subsistence support - Daily living allowance for asylum seekers in Home Office accommodation.

Sources